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Fundamental of Computing Week 12: 30 October to 5 November (Client Server Architecture)

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 Client Server Architecture Introduction   A client-server architecture is a computer network architecture or model in which numerous clients (remote processors) request and receive services from a central server (host computer). Client computers provide an interface via which a computer user can request server services and view the results returned by the server. Server wait for client requests to arrive before responding to them. In a client-server architecture, every process or computer in a network function as a server or a client. Client servers are potent computers whose sole purpose is to handle printers, disk drives, and network traffic. Client: The client can be any computer that makes a request to the server. For example, when we visit a website, we request a page from its domain. So, its case, we play the role of the client. Server: The server, on the other hand, is the computer that is designed to serve the client's requests. In the same example as earlier, th...
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Fundamental of Computing Week 10: 16 October to 22 October (Linux Network and Process Management)

 Linux Network and Process Management What is a Process? In Linux, a process is a running program. It is a program instance that is being executed by the Linux kernel. Each process has its own unique process ID (PID) and resources like as memory and CPU time. Process ID(PID) is a unique identifier assigned to a process. Process States A system process can be in one of the following states: Running: it is currently running the code. Ready: it is ready to run but is awaiting CPU time. sleeping: it is briefly paused while waiting for some event or procedure to occur. Stopped: it has been stopped by the user or the system. Zombie: the process has finished but there is still an entry in the process table. Process Management The following commands can be used to manage the processes: ps: report the snapshot of current process. top: real time process monitor that displays the information about all running processes. kill: used to stop the process. systemctl: can be used if some services a...
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Fundamental of Computing Week 9: 9 October to 15 October (The Linux Filesystem)

 The Linux Filesystem Definitions Linux file system is a built-in layer of a Linux operating system that handles storage data management. The Linux file system is organized in a tree-like manner. The directory tree is another name for the tree like structure. It maintains a file's name, size, creation data, and much more information. A filesystem's primary function is to represent and arrange the system's storage resources. It includes a root directory that contains other files and folders. While Windows users commonly use the term folder, in Linux terminology folders are referred to as directories. Pathnames A pathname is a text string made up of one or more names separated by forward slashes (/). A pathname is a path of names that indicates how to find something in the hierarchical file system tree. Here are some examples of pathnames:  /home /etc/passwd usr/wc /var/ntpstats/loopstats A single name doesn't need any slashed as separators. The filesystem is represented ...
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Fundamental of Computing Week 9: 9 October to 15 October (Basic Commands in Linux)

 Basic Commands in Linux Introduction Commands are known as 'programs' as when you run a command, the accompanying program code, written for the command, is executed. File management in Linux becomes easy if the right commands are known. Linux Commands In Linux commands:     Blue is used to indicate directories.     White is used to identify files.     Similar color schemes are used in different distribution of Linux.     Commands are case-sensitive. ls command is used to see the list of files on Linux or UNIX system. ls-R command is used to show all the files not only in directions but also subdirectories. ls-al command is used to give detailed information about the file in a column format. Listing Hidden Files ls-a command is used to access hidden files. Hidden items in UNIX/Linux begin with a '.' period symbol at the beginning of the file and directory. Any directory or file beginning with a '.' will be ignored until explicitly requested. ...
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